March 2009
By What Authority
Keeping Public Assets Public
Neutralizing Privatization
By Greg Coleridge
The dominant culture does not looked kindly on most 'public' systems. From housing to hospitals, schools to sewers, parks to prisons, or water to welfare, publicly owned or run systems are frequently portrayed as inefficient, ineffective, expensive, and/or dangerous. Public is dark, drab, cold, and old.
The word 'private,' by contrast, springs forth images of modern, clean, efficient, cheap and safe. The corporate media, think tanks and many elected officials tout perpetually the supposed benefits of 'private' societal institutions.
But what is 'public' and 'private' when applied to government and economy? Are existing municipally run systems best kept under public control or should they be 'privatized'? Should existing so-called 'private' systems be turned over to the public, or 'democratized'?
These are particularly important questions as we face simultaneous breakdowns of multiple realities (i.e. economy, environment, international social order) and search for an all-systems break through.
Public institutions or systems are owned and controlled, quite simply, by the people. Citizens decide either indirectly through elected officials or directly as members of citizen committees or commissions how and where public tax dollars will be invested in providing a multitude of services -- fire and police protection, utilities, transportation, education, health care, housing, and parks and recreation facilities, among others.
Since policies and budgets are public, people have opportunities to have a voice in every stage of the decision-making process - from planning at the beginning, to monitoring in the middle, to evaluating at the end. Virtually all information is accessible to the public. Those who implement programs (public employees) are responsible to their public employer. Public officials who approve policies and budgets are accountable to the public through the ballot. At many municipal and state levels, voters can directly create public programs through passage of citizen initiatives or overturn laws through citizen referendums. Problems citizens or consumers have with services or rates can be addressed locally, even in person at council meetings or by visiting city service departments.
Since the primary loyalty of those running public-owned systems is to the public being served, costs for service are set as low as possible while services, access, quality, and upkeep are as high as possible.
We know, of course, that the real world doesn't operate in line with visions and theories. Many publicly owned and run systems from the local to the national levels have been ineffective, inefficient, costly and dangerous due to any combination of public employee incompetence, corruption of public officials, a starving of public funding, and a multitude of distractions preventing adequate citizen vigilance and engagement.
This has fueled calls for 'privatization,' the turning over of public systems to private business corporations.
Democracy Up for Sale
'Privatization is a concerted, purposeful effort by corporations to undercut, limit, shrink, or outright take over any government and any part of the public sector that (1) stands in the way of corporate pursuit of ever larger profits, and (2) could be run for profit.' The Fox in the Henhouse: How Privatization Threatens Democracy by Si Kahn and Elizabeth Minnich, Berrett Koehler, 2005
While many are familiar with this term, others are outsourcing, or farming out. A more descriptive term is 'corporatization.' Public functions and systems aren't being taken over by mom and pop operations, but most often by major national or transnational business corporations.
Literally anything and everything owned, run or operated by municipal and state governments is up for sale (if not already sold) somewhere across the US - water and sewer systems, turnpikes, road maintenance, airports, solid waste collection, prisons, vehicle fleet maintenance, power systems, accounting functions, community wireless networks, even parking meters. As many as 44 states are currently considering some major sell off of a public asset or function. Assets can be sold, leased or transferred. They sometimes are framed as 'Public Private Partnerships' at a local level - which more often than not means the public pays and the private (i.e. corporation) profits.
Chicago, President Obama's home town, has recently leased its Skyway, a bridge linking Indiana to the Dan Ryan Expressway, for 99 years; Midway Airport for 99 years; and its parking meters for 75 years (parking meter rates are expected to go as high as $6.50 an hour by 2013).
Sandy Springs, a small suburb of Atlanta, is maybe the newest of many 'contract cities' across the US, mostly in California. These are municipalities that have contracted their major municipal services to outside corporations.
Call it "democracy for sale".
At the federal level, among the many functions being turned over, in part, to business corporations is national security. The Blackwater corporation may be the most notorious example.
Several factors are driving business corporations to push for corporatization of public assets. For one, many elected officials are willing suitors. Faced with crumbling infrastructures following years, if not decades, of neglect and massive budget deficits due to the economic recessions/depression, local and state public officials are looking for a near-term infusion of cash - a more preferable option in their minds than raising taxes and/or service fees.
Second, major corporations, including investment firms, are looking to place their money in a relatively safe place for at least the next few years. Municipal or state assets provide a safe and steady haven compared to the vagaries of oil futures and hedge funds. Also, local assets are available right now at bargain basement prices as local governments needing cash in a hurry are willing to take a lesser amount than what the asset would bring in the long term.
Rising Resistance to Privatization
Resistance to corporatization is happening everywhere - in many nations, over many issues, by many different people, using many different strategies.
The current global economic collapse -- in large part due to the failure of the 'free market' and 'invisible hand' of corporate capitalism, built on the sands of deregulation and privatization has strengthened resistance. The free market has been free for corpses to largely operate outside of public control, which has been very costly economically, politically and environmentally to citizens. The invisible hand has been more like a clenched fist applied to the gut of citizens resulting in massive job losses, home foreclosures, retirement fund losses, home price declines.
Resistance outside the US to major proponents of corporatization has focused on the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. These international financial institutions have for decades conditioned top-down development loans to 'structural adjustment programs' (SAPs). These have literally sapped the lifeblood out of nations and people by having to sell national resources and assets to willing global corporations at bargain prices. Resistance in South America has become particularly effective with cessation of repayments, the formation of an alternative regional development bank, and protection of remaining public assets.
Paris and 40 other French municipalities and urban communities over the last few years have 're-municipalized' water services from global water corporations - and with it improved services at a cheaper price. France joins Mali in West Africa, Uruguay, Buenos Aires and Santa Fe in Argentina, Cochabamba in Bolivia, Hamilton in Canada, Atlanta and other US cities who found that while privatization/corporatization may have been a financial boon for water corporation shareholders, it was a disaster for citizens, ratepayers, and consumers. In the drive to maximize profits, jobs were cut, service was cut, quality was cut, and corners were cut.
In November, citizen of Akron, Ohio prevented the lease of the city sewer system to an outside business corporation. The measure went down 2 to 1, despite a $400,000 campaign in support, the full backing of the city newspaper, city business community, 'respected' city leaders, and even supportive 'robocalls' by NBA Superstar and Akron native LeBron James. At the same time a citizen initiative passed 2 to 1 changing the city charter. The new law stipulates that any future proposal to sell, lease or transfer any public utility must be approved by voters.
The mantras of the two Akron initiatives were 'keep public utilities public' and 'let the people decide.'
While jobs, service, quality, and costs are all factors in keeping public assets public, the unifying issue is public control.
Don't put democracy on the auction block. Educate and organzize where you are to keep public assets public.
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Coleridge is on the POCLAD collective and works for the Northeast Ohio American Friends Service Committee